The powder factor (specific charge) is the mass of explosives bei ng used (kg) to break a cubic meters volume of rock and is calculated using equation 3 below.
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• Trench depths of 12' to 20': powder factor = • Trench depths over 20': powder factor = Notes: 1 Trench depth does not include subdrilling; hole depth does. 2 In trenches where the overburden is not removed, the overburden is included in the cubic yard calculations.
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Earlier studies also reported that 4 m 3 of overburden is generated per tonne of coal in open cast mining, and the expected amount of 250 Mt of coal will result in 1000 m 3 overburden. For this amount of mined coal, it is reported that, per year, 60 km 2 of land is degraded in mining activity, and about 75 km 2 is used for dumping external rock ...
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Powder Factor. Powder factor and the appropriate charging of drill holes is very important in underground mining as malfunctions are very common in the close proximity of loaded holes and the confining environment creating unfavorable breaking conditions. The above equations may be used to estimate parameters of a blast with other known values.
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holes may be loaded. Threedimensional drillandblast software can pro. vide the designer with tools to interactively categorize. the blastholes that control how the holes are charged and ...
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The POWDER FACTOR is a relationship between how much rock is broken and how much explosive is used to break it. It can serve a variety of purposes, such as an indicator of how hard the rock is, or the cost of the explosives needed, or even as a guide to planning a shot.
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Large surface coal mines in Wyoming's Powder River Basin ship millions of tons of coal per annum, moving millions of cubic yards of overburden to mine the coal. Much of this volume is blasted in the form of benches, a common mining technique. Increases in production and scale of equipment in the past thirtyfive years have created a paradigm
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Higher powder factor causes oversize and lower powder factor results in crushed rock. Mean fragment size was plotted against the powder factor for 91 blasts of coal overlying overburden benches, as presented in Fig. 22. The general trend shows that, with increase in powder factor, the mean fragment size decreases.
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the powder factor, ... Dragline is an HEMM used in coal mining for removal of overburden and dumping it into decoaled area. Failure of dragline contributed to total downtime of 4955 h in 28month ...
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total required drilling, powder factor, and delay times. ANFO and emulsions are the most common explosives agents used in WV surface coal mines, and they are considered in this study. The total drilling and blasting cost is determined. In module III, production rates for hydraulic shovels, electric (rope) shovels, and frontend wheel loaders are
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Abstract Drill and blast is the excavation method adopted to remove overburden material at the open pit coal mine of PT Buma Job Site Lati. Recently, the company applied deep hole drilling for blasting with double rods to reach the depth of 1018 m. ... Correlation of powder factors used for overburden preparation with physical properties of ...
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PT Bukit AsamTbk is one of the coal mining companies in Indonesia that uses an open pit mining system. Demolition of B2C overburden rocks at the location of electrification mining in Pit 2 Banko ...
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The Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information
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powder factor causes oversize and lower powder factor results in cru shed . ... blasts of coal overly ing overburden benches, as presented in Fig. 22. The . general trend shows tha t, ...
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Higher powder factor causes oversize and lower powder factor results in crushed rock. Mean fragment Joint plane orientation and spacing size was plotted against the powder factor for 91 blasts of coal overlying overburden benches, as presented in Fig. 22.
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cara untuk menyatakan powder factor dari suatu peledakan: 1. Berat bahan peledak per volume batuan yang diledakkan (kg /m3) 2. Berat bahan peledak per berat batuan yang diledakkan (kg /ton) Powder factor di lokasi penelitian dihitung dengan persamaan 1. € € handak material W Powder Powder Factor V (1 ) Fragmentasi Model KuzRam merupakan
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In blasting operations for removal of the overburden rocks, which have little or no inherent value, the powder factor is expressed in kg/m 3 [ 5 ]. Generally, the powder factor value varies from as low as to as much as kg/m 3 with kg/m 3 being the most common, in the open pit mines [ 6 ].
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A term typically used in coal mining to refer to a separate process of overburden removal, prior to the main pass of the dragline or stripping fleet. Production Blasting. The type of blasting most commonly used in a mine, as distinct from development, trim, presplit, ramp or other special blasts. Powder Factor
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In mining, overburden (also called waste or spoil) is the material that lies above an area that lends itself to economical exploitation, such as the rock, soil, and ecosystem that lies above a coal seam or ore body. Spoils. waste material brought up during the course of an excavation or a dredging or mining operation. Open pit mining.
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changing the powder factor. The average burdentocharge diameter ratio of 25 to 30 is for average density rocks similar to the typical rocks listed in table 191. Denser rocks such as basalt require smaller ratios (higher powder factors). Lighter materials such as some sandstone or bituminous coal can be blasted with higher ratios (lower ...
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